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對你來說，如果要找一個co-founder ，你會希望他具備什麼條件？好幫助你更好的克服各種挑戰？

*Summary* This video offers guidance on selecting the right STM32 microcontroller for various project needs. Here are the key takeaways: *STM32 Family:* (0:00) * *Huge family:* Over 3,900 variants available, categorized into 8 subfamilies (F, L, U, H, G, C, W, MP). * *Based on ARM Cortex-M architecture:* Offers a range from low-cost, low-power to high-performance options. *Choosing the Right STM32:* (2:44) * *Performance:* (9:29) * Moderate: F2, F3 * High: F4 * Very High: F7, H5 * Highest: H7 (up to 600MHz) * *Low Power Consumption:* (10:11) L series (various low-power modes) and U5 (newer, higher performance). * *Security:* (11:00) Models using Cortex-M33 core with TrustZone (L5, U5, H5). * *Wireless Functionality:* (11:30) * Bluetooth Low Energy: WB0 * Bluetooth Low Energy, Zigbee, Thread: WB, WBA * Long Range Low RAWan: WL * *Advanced Features:* (12:14) Camera interface, LCD TFT, MIPI DSI, graphics accelerator, external memory controller are available in select models. * *Low Cost:* (14:37) C series (C0 specifically) for replacing 8/16-bit microcontrollers; G series as a budget option. *Pricing:* (15:28) * Ranges from ~$0.38 (C0) to over $12 (dual-core H7). * Prices vary within families based on memory configuration and package. * Digi-Key is good for smaller orders; direct from ST Microelectronics is often cheaper for larger quantities. *Remember:* (21:19) * The video encourages downloading a free PDF with detailed specifications and pricing. This summary provides a concise overview of the video's content. For a deeper dive into specific models and features, refer to the video and the recommended PDF download. i used gemini 1.5 pro to summarize the transcript

There is no good 4-layer design (unless all routes are made on the top layer, or top and bottom with both internal planes as ground. Most of the time you can get a way with routing power instead of pouring with reference to ground (these planes are not even close to each other on the core anyways, so high frequency decoupling with power to ground isn't happening.) Look up Rick Hartley and his best 4, and 6 layer stackup recommendations.

I started with Eagle, before switching to Kicad. Eagle autorouter is just crap, barely able to route anything.

Should I just move to China? I planned out a hybrid manufacturing but the shipping and tariffs are killers. Are there firms which are experts at manufacturing, packaging and shipping I can simply work with for a percentage of the profits?

High-volume capacitors is common to be placed through hole mount too

Ironically, the first problem will also arise if you're a software or game maker

Appreciated 👏

Very good explanation! Thanks John.

I’m thinking if you really have a great product. One would be better off getting a licensing deal from Sony /LG / etc. Seems like a lot of that would be eliminated.

Thanks, what manufacturing company will you recommend in China for making smart phone standard electronics.

Sorry for asking, i usually hear a lot of reminders from YT makers & EE hobbyists about ...conduits and resistance. Basically ρl/s, even my physics prof usually sweared "Come on, so It is as simple as ρl/s!", but never hear they compain about capacitance miscalculation or EMI (dealing with EMI was far more of an issue for me and mans who i know), but why, is it easier to forget about ohms?

What you mention about the ground plane is 'old style design' and not recommended anymore. Firstly, in a 4-layer stackup it is recommended to have either the inner two or outer two planes to be ground, and conversely the other 2 layers a combined signal/power layer. This is because signals exist not in the copper, but between trace and ground return of said trace. By minimizing the distance you decrease loop area and reduce EMI and crosstalk. Secondly, groundsplits often do not help a design at all. There is the argument that sensitive low frequency analog return currents 'spread out' over solid ground planes, and hence could end up being mixed with higher speed digital return currents. However, doing a split creates two issues: Firstly you can inadvertantly create much longer loop areas, as obviously ground currents have to circle around. Secondly, connectors need to be relatively closely spaced together. This is also to reduce EMI, as any voltage drop over the ground plane can make attached cables act as dipole antenna. Also your statement about things going back to the 'powersupply negative' is not very relevant if proper decoupling is used. For EMI/crosstalk we are talking high frequencies. In those cases decoupling capacitors present a low impedance return line, which is close to the source and destination ICs, and has nothing to do with the power supply anymore. Or in other words, the short current spikes are fed by the capacitors, not by the PSU. For more references, I recommend TI's 'grounding in mixed signal systems' document, or similar documents from other manufacturers/experts. Hence in practice it is usually NOT a good idea to split ground planes. Rather, be strict in portioning your systems, and apply good decoupling. Also allow for distance between analog and digital sections. If properly designed you don't need a split plane, and it can easily give a lot more trouble than it might solve.

Wow, you even covered prototyping, Although, PCB prototyping is sometimes easier to achieve, it just requires air conditioning and other chemical protection, lab power supply, few chemicals and copper-garolite blank(s)

I cannot write mobile apps, but i can write both firmware, software, server backend/frontend & simple desktop applications

Companion app is more accurate definition, not every companion app is mobile

STM can run FreeRTOS.

WINboard and WINschematic on a wind XP machune

I cant find the law on this anywhere. Do you have a link?

I understand you need a B roll but stock videos are not helpful at all for educational video

I had a boss that asked me to evaluate a variety of PCB tools over several months - and I came to the same conclusions even in 2012. He over-ruled that with choosing Eagle because then he could do it himself which made me easier to fire.

Wait did it cost 100k for the small injection module that your product must have required?

I mean at high volume an Arduino cost $20 per unit when compared to a $0.50 microcontroller 😅

Hey great video but one thing i dont understand, in the hardware design guidelines for ESP32S3 Espressif stated that "Note that USB_D+ will have level output, so please add a pull-up resistor to determine the initial high-level output voltage" Should't then a pull up resistor be placed from 3.3V to the USB_D+ data line to inform the host of full-speed mode ?

Better is, you should give an actual example or instance from your experience. Like you choose Arduino board then in production you found it is not possible to mass produce because of the xyz issue.

Well done video.

How about Proteus? Everyone in my university uses it to do projects

Aww, no mention of the RP2040 😩

What are your recommendations if wireless connectivity is not necessary?

Thank you :)

I made my first PCB my junior year in college. I remember uploading the files and asking my professor when the feeling of panic and apprehension would go away. He told me I would start feeling better after I had done 20+ boards. I had done 10+ by the time I graduated and who knows how many since that first one in 2006. By now I'm confident that feeling will never go away.

Does ESP 32 come with certification for FCC DOC and Europe/CISPR intentional emitters

My Atomstack X20 Pro Laser engraver/cutter has a ESP32-WROOM-32U as the heart of it's motherboard.

Altium is terrible and way overpriced. Plus they will borderline harras you to buy it if you get the trial. I suggest eadyeda it's easy to use and has a massive component library ready to go.

This is so helpful! Thank you

With sls tech you don't need mold

I use ESYEDA to design my PCBs

Probably you never used PADS from Mentor

I just threw my prototype in the bin after watching this.

Fantastic overview, thank you!

Another fantastic video! Thank you for continually providing invaluable insights. Your content is a game-changer.

Are you the kid from the Mr Bean vacation video or related to him? You look so similar, and the timing is about right XD I am really glad I found your channel, enjoying it very much. Thank you

Great information Thank You.

🤩 Illuminating!

Hey Sir, I’ve been watching your videos across the board: electronics to injection molding. After watching your injection molding videos, I’m still unsure how to design parts that take the injection molding into account first. Is it possible to design injection molds with Fusion 360? It would be cool if you made a video that applies injection molding concepts using Fusion 360 or some other free CAD software.

The 'ignoring my wife' part yaayyyy that is what i call a risky business

When I started making PCB's in the mid 70's, I used everything from fingernail polish to tape on mylar sheet. Things have certainly come a long way. Like programming, it's become so easy and so cheap that every 9 year-old can do it. Almost takes the fun out of it, but not quite. 😄

Is there an MCU available today, even a very basic 8 bit one, that does not require an expensive hardware component (programmer) or a specific required IDE in order to program it? I have quite a few 12 to 24 VDC contraptions that I would like to develop, and have already started on the first. While MCU isnt strictly necessary in every application I have in mind, they could be helpful. In my case, arduino et al, as great as they are, would be overkill, with the vast majority of features unused. I want a MCU that I can program without expensive specialized hardware using code that I supply to it in Assembly or C written in any text editor I choose. Does such a thing exist? For now I am making my first version of my first project, and also going through the Mimms Radioshack learning lab circuits ... I realized at an early point that I needed to understand more about circuits than just wiring and programming a programmable IC. A lot of what I need can be done with non programmable ICs, like 555 or op amps. Enjoyed the video, new sub. Thanks for sharing, please be encouraged to keep sharing with us!

I love Arduino, mainly because how easy is to start with, the boards are usually well done. Now I'm trying to design own boards, Arduino and shields are good source of referece designs, such as power supply, mcu connections, antenna design, ,..

I've used eagles for a while Till one time i checked my designs And to my surprise I've found that i lost all my designs hours of works Because of a silly bug in this shitty software